MULTIPURPOSE RIVER-VALLEY PROJECTS

ALAMATTI DAM It is on the river Krishna.

BASPA HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT

 The 300 MW project is located in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It is the largest private hydro-electric project and has been built by Jaypee group. It is located on Baspa river, a tributary of Satluj.

BEAS PROJECT

 It is a joint venture of the governments of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. It consists of two units: (i) Beas-Sutlej Link and (ii) Beas Dam at Pong. The project links the Beas and the Sutlej rivers in Punjab through 38.4 km of hills and valleys. The waters of the Beas were poured into the mighty Sutlej river on July 10, 1977 at the first-ever man-made confluence of the two major rivers at Slapper in Himachal in a mighty bid to augment the water resources of the Gobind Sagar Lake of the Bhakra-complex. This completed the Rs 380- crore dream which was realised in a period of only 12 years.

BHADRA RESERVOIR PROJECT

Bhadra Reservoir Project across the river Bhadra is in Karnataka.

BHAKRA-NANGAL PROJECT (HIMACHAL PRADESH) Largest multipurpose project in India and the highest straight gravity dam in the world (225.5 m high) on the river Sutlej.

CHAMBAL PROJECT

 It is a joint undertaking by the Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh governments. The Rana Pratap Dam at Bhata, 48 km from Kotah, was inaugurated on Feb 9, 1970. The project comprises construction of two other dams: Gandhi Sagar Dam in Madhya Pradesh and Jawahar Sagar (Kotah) Dam in Rajasthan.  

CHAMERA HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT

 The 540 MW Chamera hydro-electric project on the Ravi river in Himachal Pradesh was implemented with Canadian credit offer of about Rs 335 crore.  

CHUKHA PROJECT

The 336 MW project is the most prestigious and largest in Bhutan. It has been completely built by India. The dam has been constructed on Wang Chu river. The project costed Rs 244 crore.

DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT (WEST BENGAL AND BIHAR)
Principal object of this multipurpose scheme is to control the flowing of the Damodar which is notorious for its vagaries and destructiveness. It is designed on the lines of the Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.) in U.S.A.  

DUL-HASTI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT

The Rs. 1263 crore project is being built on river Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. The foundation of the project was laid in September 1984. The project will consist of a power plant of 390 MW capacity. The power house will be located underground.  

DHAULIGANGA PROJECT

The Rs. 600 crore, 280 MW project is to be located on Dhauliganga river in Uttaranchal.  

FARAKKA BARRAGE

The basic aim of the Farakka Barrage is to preserve and maintain Calcutta port and to improve the navigability of the Hooghly river. It consists of a barrage across the Ganga at Farakka, another barrage at Jangipur across the Bhagirthi, a 39-km long feeder canal taking off from the right bank of the Ganga at Farakka and tailing into the Bhagirathi below the Jangipur barrage, and a road-cum-rail bridge have already been completed. Specially, the object of Farakka is to use about 40,000 cusecs of water out of the water stored in the dam to flush the Calcutta port which is getting silted up.  

GANDAK PROJECT (BIHAR AND U.P)
This is a joint venture of India and Nepal as per agreement signed between the two governments on Dec 4, 1959. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh are the participating Indian States. Nepal would also derive irrigation and power benefits from this project.

HIRAKUD PROJECT (ORISSA)

It is the first of a chain of three Dams planned for harnessing the Mahanadi.

IDUKKI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT

It is a giant hydro-electric project of Kerala and one of the biggest in the country, constructed with Canadian assistance with an installed capacity of 390 MW in the first stage and 780 MW in the second stage. The project envisages to harness Periyar waters, has three major dams, the 169 m high Idukki arch dam across Periyar river, 138 m high Cheruthoni Dam across the tributary of Cheruthoni river and 99.9 m high Kulamavu Dam.

JAYAKWADI DAM (MAHARASHTRA)

The 10-km-long Jayakwadi dam on the Godavari is Maharashtra’s largest irrigation project located near Paithan.

KALPONG HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT This is the first hydel power plant of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The 5.25 MW project was commissioned on July 1, 2001. It is located near Kalara village of Diglipur Tehsil in North Andaman and has been built by National Hydel Power Corporation.

KAKRAPARA PROJECT

It is situated on the Tapti near Kakrapara, 80 km upstream of Surat. The project is financed by the Gujarat Government.

KOEL KARO PROJECT The project envisages construction of earthen dam across river south Koel at Basia in Bihar and another dam over north Karo at Lohajimi. The capacity will be 710 MW.

KOL PROJECT

The 600 MW project is to be located on the Satluj, 6 km upstream of the Dehar Power House on the Beas-Satluj link project in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. Besides generating power, the dam will also serve as a check dam for
the 1,050-MW Bhakra Dam and prolong its life by at least 10 years.

KOSI PROJECT This project will serve Bihar and Nepal. The Kosi rises in Nepal, passes through Bihar and joins the Ganges. The river is subject to heavy floods. Two dams are to be built across it.

NAGARJUNASAGAR PROJECT

This Project is a venture of Andhra Pradesh for utilizing water of the Krishna river. The Nagarjunasagar Dam was inaugurated on Aug 4, 1967. It is situated near Nandikonda village in Miryalguda Taluk of Nalgonda district.

NATHPA-JHAKRI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT

India’s largest hydro-electric project, it is located at Nathpa Jhakri in Himachal Pradesh. It is built on Satluj river. The first of the six 250 MW units was commissioned on December 30, 2002. The project is being executed by Satluj Jal Nigam (formerly Nathpa Jhakri Power Corporation).

PARAMBIKULAM ALIYAR PROJECT It is a joint venture of Tamil Nadu and Kerala States. It envisages construction of seven inter-connected reservoirs by harnessing rivers including two major rivers viz., Parambikulam on the western slopes of Annamalai Hills and Aliyar on the eastern slopes.

PARAPPALAR DAM The Rs 1-crore Parappalar Dam with a storage capacity of 167 million cubic feet near Oddenchatram, about 75 km from Madurai in Palni taluk (Tamil Nadu), was inaugurated on August 30, 1976.

PARVATI VALLEY PROJECT

It is the first inter-State hydel power project of India. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana and Delhi have joined hands with Himachal Pradesh to set up the project. The 2050 MW project will be built near Kullu, on Parvati river, a tributary of Beas.

PERIYAR VALLEY SCHEME (KERALA) The scheme envisages the construction of a masonry barrage 210.92 metres long across the river Periyar near Alwaye, in Ernakulam district.

PONG DAM

 It is also called the Beas Dam on the river Beas, near Talwara in Himachal Pradesh, is the highest (132 m high) rock-fill dam in the country. The project is a joint venture of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. The dam has been designed to store 6.6 million acre feet of water. Although the dam is meant primarily to meet the irrigation needs, it also produces power.

RAJASTHAN CANAL PROJECT

It is a bold venture of bringing irrigation to a desert area. The project, which uses water from the Pong dam, consists of 215-km long Rajasthan feeder canal (with the first 178 km in Punjab and Haryana and the remaining 37 km in Rajasthan) and the 467-km long Rajasthan main canal lying entirely in Rajasthan.

RAMGANGA RIVER PROJECT

This Project in Uttaranchal envisages construction of a dam across the river Ramganga, one of the major tributaries of the Ganga at 3.2 km upstream of Kalagarh in Garhwal district. RANJIT SAGAR DAM PROJECT Formerly known as Thein dam, it was dedicated to the nation on March 4, 2001. It is built on Ravi river near Thein village in Punjab. Total installed capacity is 600 MW.

RIHAND PROJECT (MIRZAPUR DISTRICT—U.P.) This project has been completed by the U.P. Government and comprises construction of a concrete gravity dam across the Rihand river in Mirzapur District (U.P.) and a Power House at Pipri and necessary transmission lines. Gobind Ballabh Pant Sagar is a part of this project.

RONGTONG PROJECT WORLD’S HIGHEST HYDRO POWER PROJECT Rongtong project is situated in Kaza in the Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh. The project has helped transform the entire cold mountain desert into a lush green belt.

SALAL PROJECT It has been built on River Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir. The first stage was completed on February 9, 1989 and marked the beginning of the harnessing of hydro power potential of river Chenab. At present the capacity of the powerhouse is 345 MW. With completion of second stage the capacity will double.

SANKOSH HYDEL-POWER PROJECT

India and Bhutan have signed an agreement for building of a gigantic Sankosh hydel power project. It will be one among the ten largest projects in Asia. The project is to be constructed near Kerabari in Gaylegphug district of Bhutan on Sankosh river. It will include a 600 metre-long and 239 metre high dam and a reservoir with a catchment area of 10,525 sq km. It is estimated to cost around Rs 2000 crore. Once completed, the project will generate 1,525 MW of power and help irrigate eight lakh hectares of land.

SANJAY VIDYUT (HYDEL) PROJECT It is Asia’s first fully underground Hydel Project. The 120 MW project is located near Bhaba Nagar in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. It harnesses the water of the Bhaba Khud, a tributary of Satluj.

SARDAR SAROVAR PROJECT

This is one of the largest river valley schemes in the country. The project envisages construction of 163-metre-high cement concrete dam at Navagam in Gujarat. This will create irrigation potential of 1.79 million hectares and generate 1450 MW of power.

SAWALKOTE HYDRO PROJECT

 The 600 MW project in Jammu & Kashmir is being built by a Norwegian consortium.

SHARAVATI PROJECT (KARNATAKA)

Located about 400 km from Bangalore near the Gersoppa falls, the Sharavati Project is one of the world’s major power projects, built by Indian engineers with American collaboration.

SRISAILARN PROJECT It is a massive power project, 110 km away from Nagarjunasagar in the upper reaches of the river Krishna.

SUBARNAREKHA PROJECT

It is Rs 130-crore multipurpose project which would, when completed, provide assured irrigation to 7,06,000 acres to the chronically drought-prone areas of Orissa and Bihar.

TEHRI DAM PROJECT World’s fifth and Asia’s largest hydro-electric project has been constructed on river Bhagirithi, a tributary of Ganga in Tehri district of Uttaranchal. The height of the earth and rockfill dam is 260.5 m, making it the highest dam in the country. Once fully operational, the project will produce 1000 MW electricity.

TUNGABHADRA PROJECT (ANDHRA AND KARNATAKA)
It is a joint undertaking by the governments of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The project comprises a dam across the Tungabhadra river near Mallapuram.

UKAI PROJECT The Ukai power project of Gujarat equipped with power generating sets manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited was inaugurated on October 12, 1977. It has added 540,000 KW of installed capacity to the State’s existing power network.

Census Facts 2011

• Thane district of Maharashtra is the most populated district of India.
• Dibang Valley of Arunachal Pradesh is the least populated.
• Kurung Kumey of Arunachal Pradesh registered highest population growthrate of 111.01 percent.
• Longleng district of Nagaland registered negative population growth rate of (-)58.39.
• Mahe district of Puducherry has highest sex ratio of 1176 females per 1000 males.
• Daman district has lowest sex ratio of 533 females per 1000 males.
• Serchhip district of Mizoram has highest literacy rate of 98.76 percent.
• Alirajpur of MP is the least literate district of India with figure of 37.22 percent only.
• North East Delhi has the higest density with figure of 37346 person per square kilometer.
• Dibang Valley has the least density of 1 person per sq. km.

Various Govt. Programmes

(1) Prerna:- The ‘janasankhya sthirata kosh (national population stabilization fund) has to promote & undertake activities aimed at achieving population stabilization at a level consistent with the needs of sustainable economic growth. Social development and environmental protection by 2045.

   • Prerna is a responsible for parenthood strategy. It is a monetary incentive strategy aimed at pushing up the age of marriage of girls and delay the birth of the first child.

(2) National Rural Health Mission (NRHM):-Launched in April 2005 the mission seeks to provide universal access to equitable, affordable and quality health care which is accountable and at the same time responsible to the needs of the people.

   • It also aims to achieve the goals set out under the national policy and the millennium development goals during the mission period.

(3) Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna:-Launched by ministry of labour & employment, govt of India to provide health insurance coverage for BPL (Below Poverty Level)  families.

   • Beneficiaries are entitled to hospitalization coverage up to Rs 30,000 for most of the disease that require hospitalization.

(4) National Food Security Mission:-Sponsored scheme launched in august 2007.

   • Objective is to increased production and productivity of wheat, rice and pulses.

(5) 15 Point Programme:-In Oct 2009 govt decided to include 3 more schemes in the Prime minister’s new 15 point programme for the welfare of minorities.

Those are: -

   • National rural drinking water programme.

   • Urban infrastructure developed scheme for small and medium town.

   • Urban infrastructure and governance scheme.

(6) Bharat Nirman Yojna:- It is a time bound business plan for action in rural in infrastructure .Under Bharat nirman , action was proposed in the areas of:-

   I. Irrigation.
   II. Rural housing.
   III. Rural water supply.
   IV. Rural electrification.
   V. Rural telecommunication connectivity.

(7) National Mission On Education:-It is a mission in which education is provided through information and communication technology. “SAKSHAT” one stop education portal was launched on Oct 30 2006 by the president of India.
   • Head of National knowledge commission:-Sam Pitroda

(8)Right To Education Act 2009:- Article 21-(A), as inserted by the constitution (86th Amendment Act) 2002, provides for free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years as a fundamental rights. Consequently the parliament has enacted this in April 2009.

Salient features:-
   (a) Free and compulsory education 6 to 14 age group.
   (b) Will apply to all India except J&K.
  (c) Provide for 25% reservation for economically disadvantaged communities in admission in private school.
   (d) A child who completes elementary education (up to class 8) shall be awarded a certificate.

(9) Female Literacy:-It is a scheme to provide education & related facilities to ST Students launched by ministry of tribal affairs in Dec 11, 2009.


(10) Anil Kalkaska Committee on reforms in IITs:-it will suggest reforms to make these elite institutions a global brand.


(11) Yashpal Committee Report:- It was set up in 2008 for higher education and research.

   • It has suggested the scrapping of all higher education regulatory/monitoring bodies and creation of a super regulation.
    • It also recommended that the deemed university status be abandoned and that all deserving universities either converted into full fledged universities or scrapped.

(12) National Rural Livelihood Mission:-Ministry of rural development and panchyati raj proposed to restructure the existing swarnjayanti gram swarojgar yojna into rural livelihood mission to have a focused approach to rural poverty eradication in a time bound manner.

    • Objective is to reduce poverty among rural BPL by promoting diversified and gainful self employment and wage employment opportunities which would lead to an appreciable increase in sustainable basis.

(13) NREGA Renamed After Mahatma Gandhi:- On Oct 2, 2009. New name MGNREGA.


(14) Chandra Sheker Panel:- on the recomandation of a committee headed by cabinet secretary K.M Chander shaker. Centre had increased the pension for retired service man.


(15) Rajiv Awas Yojna:-Ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation had launched the housing project called the Rajiv awas yojna for slum dwellers and the urban poor.

    • Aimed at making India slum free in the next five years.

(16) Government Gave 50% Women’s Quota: - For women in urban local bodies from 33 % to 50 % by the 108th const. amendment act.


(17) B.K Chaturvedi panel is formed to resolve the inter ministrial issues to speed up the ambitious national highways development project taken up by the road transport and highway ministry.


(18) Librahan Commission:- It was set up in dec 16 ,1992 by the Narashima Rao govt. to probe the demolition of Babri Mosque.The commission was initially asked to give a report in three months, however it could do so only after over 16 years that saw 39 sitting and 48 extensions, finally on June 30 2009 it gave the report.


(19) S.D. Tendulkar Committee:-It is to estimate poverty in the country. It’s said that about 38% of the country’s population are living below poverty line. This figure is 10% higher than the present poverty estimate of 28.5 % by the planning commission.


(20) Moily Panel:- For administrative reform commission it is the 2nd administrative reform commission.


(21) Unique Identification Authority:- Chairman of UID is Nandan Nilekani. He revealed that the first set of 16 digit unique identification number for citizen of the country will roll out by the end of 2010.

    • The UIAI is a part of the planning mission of India.
    • AADHAR:-UIDAI now new name AADHAR and also a logo.
   • AADHAR or foundation through through which the citizen can claim his/her rights and establishment when assumed of equal opportunities as symbolized by the logo which has the halo of the sun in the imprint of a thumbs.

(22)  M.S swami Nathan Panel :- It’s recommendation is on coastal management zone.


(23) G.T Nanavati-Akshay Mehta judical commission:- Probing the Godhra train carnage and post Godhra riots.


(24) Justice B.N Srikrishna is the head of the committee on Telangana issue.


(25) Census 2011:-15th national census of India. President being first person to share her details. First census was conducted in 1872.



(26) D.P Wadhawa Committee On PDS:-Established by the Supreme Court to give recommendation on the reform of public distribution system.


(27) Rajiv Gandhi Grammeen LPG Vitarak Yojna:- Union petroleum and natural gas ministry inaugurated this scheme for providing liquefied petroleum gas to the rural house hold at Lachhman ghar in sikar district of Rajasthan .

• Under the scheme it is proposed to increase the number of connection to 16 crores with coverage of 75% of population by 2015.

(28) Punchhi Commission:-Commission on centre state relation. It was constituted in April 2007. It was asked to make recommendation to help address the emerging challenges faced by the nation regarding centre state relation. Before this in mid 1980’s the SARKARI commission had undertaken a comprehensive review of the center state relation.


(29) National Integration Council:-The Govt. has reconstituted it which will be chaired by prime minister. Set up in the early 60’s by Nehru.


(30) E.R Rammohan Committee on Dantewada Massacre of CRPF personal.


(31) ICDS:-Integrated child development service launched on 2nd Oct 1975.

   • It is the world largest programme for early child hood.
   • The objective is to improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age group of 0-6 years.

(33) Green India Mission:- Ministry of environment and forests and the defense research and development organization have launched the mission.

   • The aim is to bring a million heacter of high altitude, cold desert ecosystem under cultivation by 2020.

(34) Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram Yojna:- It was launched in Rajasthan Sriganga nagar district.


   • Aim at integrated development of 1,000 villages where a majority of the population belongs to the schedule caste.

    • It is a replica of U.P’s Ambedkar village scheme.

(35) Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission:- Objective -Generation of 20000 mw of solar energy in three phases by 2022.

    • Under this govt. aims to add at least 1000 mw solar power by the end of 2013.
    • Power Finance Corporation and the Rural Electrification Corporation had agreed to provide financial assistance.

(36) Certified command of state centre force in Chattisgrah, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bengal was mooted to counter naxal problem. Under this a IG rank officer or a retired major general on board should be headed the certified command. In this:-

   • Additional helicopters should be provided.
   • 400 new police stations should be opened.
   • 34 new battalions should be constituted.

(37) S. Irani committee:- Rajasthan Govt appointed this committee regarding the Issue of providing reservation to Gujjars.


(38) Pradhan committee:-

   • Investigate Nov 26 2008 terror attack.

(39) Muzzafar Jan Commission:-

This committee had probed the gang rape of 17 years old Asiya and pregnant Neelofar in Shopiaon (J&K).

(40) Kasturi Rangan Committee:- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has set up this committee. To see the capability of the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) to build civil aircraft.


(41) Goverdhan Mehta Committee:-To review the procedure of the intergovernmental panel on climate change.


(42) National Advisory Council:-

   • A consultative body, chaired by Sonia Gandhi.
   • To serve as an interface between govt. and civil society.